Show This set of Diabetes NCLEX questions is intended to help nurses brush up on the concepts of managing patients with this chronic disease. The topic of diabetes mellitus care and management is one of the most challenging ones that nurses face because you are expected to know about the disease process and how to ensure that the patient will have the ability to function optimally in the face of chronic illness. Questions asked mostly consist of patient education, medication administration, determining signs and symptoms of diabetic emergencies, and complications of the disease process. These topics are included in this practice test to help you understand care for these patients with diverse and sometimes specialized care requirements. Read and analyze each question carefully and chose the best answer/s from the choices provided. At the end of these practice tests, correct answers along with the explanation are given. Diabetes NCLEX-RN Practice Questions1. An external insulin pump is prescribed for a client with diabetes mellitus. When the client asks the nurse about the functioning of the pump, the nurse bases the response on which information about the pump? A. It is timed to release programmed doses of either short-duration or NPH insulin into the bloodstream at specific intervals. 2. A client with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is being treated in the emergency department. Which findings support this diagnosis? Select all that apply. A. Increase in pH 3. The nurse teaches a client with diabetes mellitus about differentiating between hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. The client demonstrates an understanding of the teaching by stating that a form of glucose should be taken if which symptom or symptoms develop? Select all that apply. A. Polyuria 4. A client with diabetes mellitus demonstrates acute anxiety when admitted to the hospital for the treatment of hyperglycemia. What is the appropriate intervention to decrease the client’s anxiety? A. Administer a sedative. 5. The nurse provides instructions to a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse recognizes an accurate understanding of measures to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis when the client makes which statement? A. “I will stop taking my insulin if I’m too sick to eat.” 6. A client is admitted to a hospital with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The initial blood glucose level is 950 mg/dL (54.2 mmol/L). A continuous intravenous (IV) infusion of short-acting insulin is initiated, along with IV rehydration with normal saline. The serum glucose level is now decreased to 240 mg/dL (13.7 mmol/L). The nurse would next prepare to administer which medication? A. An ampule of 50% dextrose 7. The nurse is monitoring a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus for signs of complications. Which sign or symptom, if exhibited in the client, indicates that the client is at risk for chronic complications of diabetes if the blood glucose is not adequately managed? A. Polyuria 8. The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with diabetes mellitus who has hyperglycemia. The nurse places priority on which client problem? A. Lack of knowledge 9. The home health nurse visits a client with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client relates a history of vomiting and diarrhea and tells the nurse that no food has been consumed for the last 24 hours. Which additional statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching? A. “I need to stop my insulin.” 10. The nurse performs a physical assessment on a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Findings include a fasting blood glucose level of 120 mg/dL (6.8 mmol/L), a temperature of 101 °F (38.3 °C), a pulse of 102 beats/minute, respirations of 22 breaths/minute, and blood pressure of 142/72 mm Hg. Which finding would be the priority concern to the nurse? A. Pulse 11. The nurse is teaching a client how to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. Which action, if performed by the client, indicates the need for further teaching? A. Withdraws the NPH insulin first 12. The home care nurse visits a client recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily. The client asks the nurse how to store the unopened vials of insulin. The nurse should tell the client to take which action? A. Freeze the insulin. 13. Glimepiride is prescribed for a client with diabetes mellitus. The nurse instructs the client that which food items are most acceptable to consume while taking this medication? Select all that apply. A. Alcohol 14. A client with diabetes mellitus visits a health care clinic. The client’s diabetes mellitus previously had been well controlled with glyburide daily, but recently the fasting blood glucose level has been 180 to 200 mg/dL (10.2 to 11.4 mmol/L). Which medication, if added to the client’s regimen, may have contributed to the hyperglycemia? A. Prednisone 15. A client with diabetes mellitus is told that amputation of the leg is necessary to sustain life. The client is agitated and tells the nurse, “This is all my health care provider’s fault. I have done everything I’ve been asked to do!” Which nursing interpretation is best for this situation? A. An expected coping mechanism 16. The nurse teaches a client newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes about storing Humulin N insulin. Which statement indicates to the nurse that the client understood the discharge teaching? A. “I should keep the insulin in the cabinet during the day only.” 17. Metformin is prescribed for a client with type 2 diabetes mellitus. What is the most common side effect that the nurse should include in the client’s teaching plan? A. Weight gain 18. When teaching the diabetic client about foot care, the nurse should instruct the client to do which of the following? A. Avoid going barefoot. 19. A client with diabetes mellitus comes to the clinic for a regular 3-month follow-up appointment. The nurse notes several small bandages covering cuts on the client’s hands. The client says, “I’m so clumsy. I’m always cutting my finger cooking or burning myself on the iron.” Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate? A. “Wash all wounds in isopropyl alcohol.” 20. The client with diabetes mellitus says, “If I could just avoid what you call carbohydrates in my diet, I guess I would be okay.” The nurse should base the response to this comment on the knowledge that diabetes affects the metabolism of which of the following? A. Carbohydrates only. 21. The nurse should caution the client with diabetes mellitus who is taking a sulfonylurea that alcoholic beverages should be avoided while taking these drugs because they can cause which of the following? A. Hypokalemia. 22. Which of the following indicates a potential complication of diabetes mellitus? A. Inflamed, painful joints. 23. The client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is taught to take isophane insulin suspension NPH (Humulin N) at 5 p.m. each day. The client should be instructed that the greatest risk of hypoglycemia will occur at about what time? A. 11 a.m.,
shortly before lunch. 24. A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus has influenza. The nurse should instruct the client to: A. Increase the frequency of self-monitoring (blood glucose testing). 25. Which of the following is a priority nursing diagnosis for the diabetic client who is taking insulin and has nausea and vomiting from a viral illness or influenza? A. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements. 26. During a home visit, a diabetic client, begins to cry and says, “I just cannot stand the thought of having to give myself a shot every day.” Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? A. “If you do not give yourself your insulin shots, you will die.” 27. The nurse is instructing the client on insulin administration. The client is performing a return demonstration for preparing the insulin. The client’s morning dose of insulin is 10 units of regular and 22 units of NPH. The nurse checks the dose accuracy with the client. The nurse determines that the client has prepared the correct dose when the syringe reads how many units? ________________________ units. 28. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be prescribed for the client with diabetes mellitus to reduce vascular changes and possibly prevent or delay development of: A. Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. 29. The nurse should teach the diabetic client that which of the following is the most common symptom of hypoglycemia? A. Nervousness. 30. The nurse is assessing the client’s use of medications. Which of the following medications may cause a complication with the treatment plan of a client with diabetes? A. Aspirin. Answers and RationaleWhat do you teach a patient with hypoglycemia?Eat meals at regular times. If recommended by your health care provider, have snacks between meals. Do not skip or delay meals or snacks. You can be at risk for hypoglycemia if you are not getting enough carbohydrates.
What should the nurse do if the client has hypoglycemia?Nursing management includes administering glucose tablets (approximately three), glucose gel, or carbohydrates for the conscious patient. Carbohydrates may consist of 4 to 6 ounces of fruit juice or soda (not sugar-free), saltine crackers, or hard candy (only if the patient is alert).
What is the most common pathological indicator of hypoglycemia?Hypoglycaemia is much more common in people who take insulin or certain other glucose lowering tablets, however it can occur in people with diabetes who are not using insulin.. Sweating.. Paleness.. Hunger.. Light headedness.. Headache.. Dizziness.. Pins and needles around mouth.. Mood change.. What do you tell a client to do to manage hypoglycemia?Eat or drink carbohydrates
Eat or drink something that's mostly sugar or carbohydrates to raise your blood sugar level quickly. Pure glucose — available in tablets, gels and other forms — is the preferred treatment.
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