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Terms in this set (26)
review on reliability
1. internal consistency
2. interrater reliability
3. test-retest
4. parallel
definition of validity
the accuracy of the testing instrument/ does the test measure what construct it is supposed to measure
Types of validity
1. content
2. criterion
3. convergent
4. discriminant
construct validity
assessing the accuracy of the test to measure certain personality or psychological constructs
- all other validities are assumed under this construct
what does construct validity determine?
- do tests accurately measure the target construct?
-is the test robust?
- is the test consistent with the theory?
content validity
concerns the degree to which the various items collectively cover the material that the instrument is supposed to cover/ how relevant are the items to the construct
- not stable since new theories may
call into question measures
2 primary questions of content validity
- Does the test cover a representative sample of specified skills and knowledge?
- Is the test performance reasonably free from influence of irrelevant variables?
why is content validity important?
development of measure maybe valid only under certain circumstances
content validity and focus groups
- learn about meaning of construct from the pop under study since researchers are influenced by their own lens/ get deeper understanding of construct
drawbacks of content validity focus groups
-hard to develop focus groups for rare constructs
- some groups limited in
participation
- some facilitators lead in a biased fashion
what is criterion related validity?
assesses the degree to which the scores on an instrument accurately compare with a relevant criterion variable
Different types of criterion validity
1) predictive validity
2) concurrent validity
3) face validity
4)
convergent validity
convergent validity
- a criterion related validity
- where testing measurements is shown to be correlated with another measurement that is examining the same construct
predictive validity
- a criterion related validity
- when a test is used to predict an outcome over time
- assumes that our measure
can correctly predict something that we theoretically think it should predict
validity coefficient
correlating the tests scores and the criterion variable for each person
concurrent validity
- a criterion related validity
- when new test is administered and criterion variable is also collected at the same time - essentially
want to see if the measurement is matched to a criteria at present time
what is face validity?
- a criterion realted validity
- pertains to if the test looks valid to the examinees taking the exam
- subjective and imprecise validity
criterion
a real life, tangible outcome
discriminant validity
where the testing measurement is shown to be minimally correlated with another measurement that is examining a construct (want coefficient to be close to zero)
what are some procedures to ensure validity?
- contrasted groups
- previously available tests
- criterion established by the rater
-age differentiation
- physical evidence of behavior
- real
time observations
- controlled stimuli to depict variations in behavior
criterion contamination
when rater knows the score on the test and lets that influence their scoring system
contrasted groups
selects groups that are very different to determine if the test is measuring specific traits
age differentiation
test scores are checked against chronological age to determine whether scores increase with advancing age
Cautions when interpreting validity
1) look for changes in cause of relationships
2) what does the criterion mean
3) review subject pop in validity study
4) be sure sample size adequate
5) never confuse criterion with
predictor
6)check for restricted range on both predictor and criterion
7) review if can be generalized
8) consider differential problems
how does sample size affect validity?
large effect on validity. the smaller the sample, the poorer the validity
200 and above sample size = increase by 90%
incremental validity
does the measure allow for greater predictive power compared to traditional methods? does it increase YOUR accuracy?
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