The objective of IAS 2 is to prescribe the accounting treatment for inventories. It provides guidance for determining the cost of inventories and for subsequently recognising an expense, including any write-down to net realisable value. It also provides guidance on the cost formulas that are used to assign costs to inventories. Show Inventories include assets held for sale in the ordinary course of business (finished goods), assets in the production process for sale in the ordinary course of business (work in process), and materials and supplies that are consumed in production (raw materials). [IAS 2.6] However, IAS 2 excludes certain inventories from its scope: [IAS 2.2]
Also, while the following are within the scope of the standard, IAS 2 does not apply to the measurement of inventories held by: [IAS 2.3]
Inventories are required to be stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value (NRV). [IAS 2.9] Cost should include all: [IAS 2.10]
IAS 23 Borrowing Costs identifies some limited circumstances where borrowing costs (interest) can be included in cost of inventories that meet the definition of a qualifying asset. [IAS 2.17 and IAS 23.4] Inventory cost should not include: [IAS 2.16 and 2.18]
The standard cost and retail methods may be used for the measurement of cost, provided that the results approximate actual cost. [IAS 2.21-22] For inventory items that are not interchangeable, specific costs are attributed to the specific individual items of inventory. [IAS 2.23] For items that are interchangeable, IAS 2 allows the FIFO or weighted average cost formulas. [IAS 2.25] The LIFO formula, which had been allowed prior to the 2003 revision of IAS 2, is no longer allowed. The same cost formula should be used for all inventories with similar characteristics as to their nature and use to the entity. For groups of inventories that have different characteristics, different cost formulas may be justified. [IAS 2.25] NRV is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. [IAS 2.6] Any write-down to NRV should be recognised as an expense in the period in which the write-down occurs. Any reversal should be recognised in the income statement in the period in which the reversal occurs. [IAS 2.34] IAS 18 Revenue addresses revenue recognition for the sale of goods. When inventories are sold and revenue is recognised, the carrying amount of those inventories is recognised as an expense (often called cost-of-goods-sold). Any write-down to NRV and any inventory losses are also recognised as an expense when they occur. [IAS 2.34] Required disclosures: [IAS 2.36]
IAS 2 acknowledges that some enterprises classify income statement expenses by nature (materials, labour, and so on) rather than by function (cost of goods sold, selling expense, and so on). Accordingly, as an alternative to disclosing cost of goods sold expense, IAS 2 allows an entity to disclose operating costs recognised during the period by nature of the cost (raw materials and consumables, labour costs, other operating costs) and the amount of the net change in inventories for the period). [IAS 2.39] This is consistent with IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, which allows presentation of expenses by function or nature. What is the term switching cost?Switching costs are the costs that a consumer incurs as a result of changing brands, suppliers, or products. Although most prevalent switching costs are monetary in nature, there are also psychological, effort-based, and time-based switching costs.
What is it called when individuals or organizations incur an expense to move from one product or service to another?Switching costs exist when consumers incur an expense to move from one product or service to another. Tech firms often benefit from strong switching costs that cement customers to their firms.
What is an example of customer switching cost?For example, if a grocery store offers free delivery service and their competitors don't, it makes their service hard to replicate. Therefore, the grocery store has a high switching cost since there's more money, time and effort involved in consumers going to a different grocery store that doesn't offer free delivery.
What are costs that make customers reluctant to switch to another product or service?Switching costs are one-time inconveniences a customer incurs to change from one product or service to another. Customers typically will not change providers unless the value proposition of doing so more than offsets the implicit costs.
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