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Normal Size Small Size show me how MKTG 305 - Test 1Consumer Behavior
| Question | Answer |
|---|
| According to _______ models, we choose products with attributes that match some aspect of our selves
| Self-image congruence
| | Which of the following needs from Maslow’s Hierarchy is addressed by the U.S. Army’s advertising slogan “Be all you can be”?
| Self-actualization
| | The minimum difference that can be detected between two stimuli is known as the _____.
| J.N.D (just noticeable difference)
| | According to Weber’s Law, the ____ the initial stimulus, the greater a change must be for people to notice the change
| Stronger
| | Which of the following occurs when a customer learns that two products are different even though the packages of both products look similar?
| Stimulus discrimination
| | Social critics have maintained that marketing leads people to buy products that neither want nor need. However, the failure rate of new products is reportedly as high as 80 percent. Which of the following best reconciles these two seemingly opposite views
| Marketing does have an influence on consumers, but marketers simply do not know enough about people to manipulate them any way they please
| | Because the brain’s capacity to process information is limited, consumers are very selective about what they pay attention to and tend to select stimuli that relate to their current needs. This type of perceptual filter is called _____.
| Perceptual vigilance
| | ______ occurs when a stimulus is below the level of an individual’s awareness.
| Subliminal perception
| | Which theory listed below assumes that learning takes place as the result of responses to external events?
| Behavioral learning
| | The ideal self is a person’s conception of how she _____.
| Would like to be
| | The sensory characteristic of a product that sticks with the consumers, helping them to remember the product in a unique way, is called the _____.
| Sensory signature
| | What mechanism is used when a consumer learns to preform responses that product positive outcomes?
| Positive reinforcement
| | According to the _____ perspective, advertising is an important source of consumer information.
| Economics of information
| | Which of the following best defines what is implied by the symbolic self-completion theory?
| Consumers who have an incomplete self-definition tend to buy products that complete their identity.
| | A marketer who segments a population by age and gender is using ____ to categorize consumers.
| Demographics
|
Learn about this topic in these articles:Assorted References- major references
-
In animal learning: Laws of performance
…to the development of the stimulus–response theory, variations of which long provided the dominant account of conditioning. One version of the stimulus–response theory suggested that the mere occurrence of a new response to a given stimulus, as when Pavlov’s dog started salivating shortly after the metronome had started ticking,
is… Read More - In nervous system:
Stimulus-response coordination
The simplest type of response is a direct one-to-one stimulus-response reaction. A change in the environment is the stimulus; the reaction of the organism to it is the response. In single-celled organisms, the response is the result of a property of the cell… Read More
animal behaviour- automata
theory
- In automata theory: The finite automata of McCulloch and Pitts
Certain responses of an animal to stimuli are known by controlled observation, and, since the pioneering work of a Spanish
histologist, Santiago Ramón y Cajal, in the latter part of the 19th and early part of the 20th century, many neural structures have been well known.… Read More - In
automata theory: Input: events that affect an automaton
… in the future, while a stimulus is a collection of individual histories extending over the past and including the present. The logical construction implies a behaviour in the guise of a listing of responses to all possible stimuli. Reciprocally, for a given behaviour of the type defined,
the possible structure… Read More
- conditioning
- In
conditioning
Stimulus-response (S-R) theories are central to the principles of conditioning. They are based on the assumption that human behaviour is learned. One of the early contributors to the field, American psychologist Edward L. Thorndike, postulated the Law of Effect, which stated that those behavioral responses… Read More
human behaviour- Descartes’ theory
- In
René Descartes: Physics, physiology, and morals of René Descartes
…arc that begins with external stimuli—as, for example, when a soldier sees the enemy, feels fear, and flees. The mind cannot change bodily reactions directly—for example, it cannot will the body to fight—but by altering mental attitudes, it can change the pineal vibrations from those that cause fear
and fleeing… Read More
- education theory
- language analysis
- In
linguistics: Structural linguistics in America
…simply the relationship between a stimulus and a verbal response. Because science was still a long way from being able to give a comprehensive account of most stimuli, no significant or interesting results could be expected from the study of meaning for some considerable time, and it was preferable, as… Read More
- learning theories
- In learning: Types of learning
S-R theories failed to account for many learned phenomena, however, and seemed overly reductive because they ignored a subject’s inner activities. Tolman headed another, less “objective” camp that
held that associations involved a stimulus and a subjective sensory impression (S-S). Read More
- motivation
- In
motivation: Behaviourism
…in environmental stimulation (S); their S-R psychology subsequently gained popularity, becoming the basis for the school of behaviourism. By the 1920s, the concept of instinct as proposed by theorists such as James and McDougall had been roundly criticized and fell into disrepute. Behaviourism dominated the thinking of motivational theorists and… Read More
- perception
- In
perception
…humans, the process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience. That experience, or percept, is the joint product of the stimulation and of the process itself. Relations found between various types of stimulation (e.g., light waves and sound waves) and their associated percepts suggest inferences that can be made… Read More
- opposition by Miller
- In George A. Miller
…and Karl Pribram proposed that stimulus-response (an isolated behavioral sequence used to assist research) be replaced by a different hypothesized behavioral sequence, which they called the TOTE (test, operate,
test, exit). In the TOTE sequence a goal is first planned, and a test is performed to determine whether the goal… Read More
- social behaviour model
- In social psychology: Interaction processes
…nature of social behaviour, the
stimulus–response model (in which every social act is seen as a response to the preceding act of another individual) has been generally found helpful but incomplete. Linguistic models that view social behaviour as being governed by principles analogous to the rules of a game or… Read More
Which of the following theories assumes that learning takes place as the result of responses to external events quizlet?
Behavioral Learning Theories assume that learning takes place as the result of responses to external events.
In contrast to behavioural theories of learning, cognitive learning theory approaches stress the importance of internal mental processes. This perspective views people as problem solvers who actively use information from the world around them to master their environments.
What theory of learning may be defined as a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus?
'Classical Conditioning is a type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus' (Weiten, 1995). Pavlov discovered this form of learning almost accidentally, while conducting his research on the digestive system of dogs.
Which term that refers to the process of learning that takes place when a response is followed by unpleasant events?
If a response is followed by an unpleasant or negative state of affairs, it will be weakened. 1) In classical conditioning, the conditional behavior (CR) is triggered by the particular stimulus (CS) and is therefore called an elicited behavior.
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