- Introduction & Quick Facts
- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
- Transportation and telecommunications
- Health and welfare
- The National Health Service
- Education
- Primary and secondary education
- Daily life and social customs
- Ancient Britain
- Roman Britain
- Condition of the province
- The decline of Roman
rule
- Anglo-Saxon England
- The invaders and their early settlements
- The conversion to Christianity
- The heptarchy
- The supremacy of Northumbria and the rise of Mercia
- The church and scholarship in Offa’s time
- The decline of Mercia
and the rise of Wessex
- The period of the Scandinavian invasions
- Viking invasions and settlements
- Alfred’s government and his revival of learning
- The achievement of political unity
- The reconquest of the Danelaw
- The church and the monastic revival
- The Anglo-Danish state
- The Danish conquest and the reigns of the Danish kings
- The reign of Edward the Confessor and the Norman Conquest
- The Normans (1066–1154)
- William I (1066–87)
- The introduction of feudalism
- William’s accomplishments
- The sons of
William I
- William II Rufus (1087–1100)
- The period of anarchy (1135–54)
- England in the Norman period
- The early Plantagenets
- Henry II (1154–89)
- Struggle with Thomas
Becket
- Rebellion of Henry’s sons and Eleanor of Aquitaine
- John (1199–1216)
- Loss of French possessions
- Revolt of the barons and Magna Carta
- The 13th century
- Henry III (1216–72)
- Simon de Montfort and the Barons’ War
- Social, economic, and cultural change
- The 14th century
- Edward III (1327–77)
- The Hundred Years’ War to 1360
- The crises of Edward’s later years
- Richard II (1377–99)
- The Peasants’ Revolt
(1381)
- Political struggles and Richard’s deposition
- Economic crisis and cultural change
- Lancaster and York
- Henry VI (1422–61 and 1470–71)
- Domestic rivalries and the loss of France
- The beginning of the Wars of the Roses
- Edward IV (1461–70 and 1471–83)
- England in the 15th century
- England under the Tudors
- Henry VII (1485–1509)
- The administration of justice
- Henry VIII (1509–47)
- The king’s “Great Matter”
- The Reformation background
- The consolidation of the Reformation
- The expansion of the English state
- Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
- The Tudor ideal of government
- The early Stuarts and the Commonwealth
- Charles I (1625–49)
- Commonwealth and Protectorate
- The later Stuarts
- Charles II (1660–85)
- The exclusion crisis and the Tory
reaction
- William III (1689–1702) and Mary II (1689–94)
- The
revolution settlement
- 18th-century Britain, 1714–1815
- The state of Britain in 1714
- Britain from 1715 to 1742
- The supremacy of the Whigs
- Britain
from 1742 to 1754
- British society by the mid-18th century
- Joseph Massie’s categories
- The revolution in communications
- Britain from 1754 to 1783
- Political instability in
Britain
- Domestic responses to the American Revolution
- Britain from 1783 to 1815
- Economic growth and
prosperity
- The Industrial Revolution
- Britain during the French Revolution
- Great Britain,
1815–1914
- Britain after the Napoleonic Wars
- Early and mid-Victorian Britain
- The political situation
- Chartism and the Anti-Corn Law League
- Peel and the Peelite heritage
- Cultural change
- The development of private life
- Late Victorian Britain
- The political situation
- Gladstone and Chamberlain
- Split of the Liberal Party
- Imperialism and British politics
- The return of the Liberals
- Britain from 1914 to the present
- The political situation
- Between the wars
- Harsh peace and hard times
- Ireland and the return of the Conservatives
- Baldwin and the abdication crisis
- Foreign policy and appeasement
- Britain since 1945
- Labour and the welfare
state (1945–51)
- Economic crisis and relief (1947)
- Withdrawal from the empire
- Conservative government (1951–64)
- Labour interlude (1964–70)
- The
return of the Conservatives (1970–74)
- Labour back in power (1974–79)
- The Margaret Thatcher government (1979–90)
- The Falkland Islands War, the 1983 election, and privatization
- Racial discrimination and the 1981 England riots
- The “Troubles” in Northern Ireland
- The government of John Major (1990–97)
- “Black Wednesday,” epidemic scandals, and Major’s “Citizens Charter”
- The Tony Blair government (1997–2007)
- The struggle for control of Labour
- New Labour, the repeal of Clause IV, and the “third way”
- Navigating the European monetary system and the EU Social Chapter
- The Good Friday Agreement
- London’s local government, House of Lords reform, and devolution for Scotland and Wales
- The royal family’s “annus horribilis,” the death of Princess Diana, and the Millennium Dome
- The battle for the soul of the Conservative Party
- Response to the September 11 attacks
- Weapons of mass destruction and the Iraq War
- The Gordon Brown government (2007–10)
- Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition rule (2010–15)
- The U.K. general election of 2010
- First-past-the-post referendum
- News of the World hacking scandal
- The 2011 riots, the European sovereign debt crisis, and Cameron’s veto of changes to the Lisbon Treaty
- The 2012 London Olympics, Julian Assange’s embassy refuge, and
the emergence of UKIP
- The birth of George, rejection of intervention in Syria, and regulation of GCHQ
- Scottish independence referendum
- David Cameron on his own (2015–16)
- The U.K. general election of 2015
- The premiership of Theresa May (2016–19)
- The resignation of Cameron, the rise of May, and a challenge to Corbyn’s leadership of Labour
- The Manchester arena bombing and London bridge attacks
- The snap election campaign
- The 2017 U.K. general election
- The
Grenfell Tower fire, a novichok attack in Salisbury, and air strikes on Syria
- The wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, the Chequers plan, and Boris Johnson’s resignation
- EU agreement and Parliamentary opposition to May’s Brexit plan
- Objections to the Irish backstop and a challenge to May’s leadership
- Parliamentary rejection of May’s plan, May’s survival of a confidence vote, and the Independent Group of breakaway MPs
- Parliament rejects May’s plan again
- “Indicative votes,” May’s pledge to resign, a third defeat for her plan, and a new deadline
- The Boris Johnson government
- Boris Johnson’s ascent, the December 2019 snap election, and Brexit
- Further scandal and Johnson’s resignation
- The premiership of Liz Truss
- The death of Elizabeth
II
- The premiership of Rishi Sunak
- Society, state, and economy
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