SFAC No. 2 outlines the are two primary qualitative characteristics and their components. You are expected to understand the fundamental qualitative characteristics and the enhancing characteristics. Both characteristics should be present in order for financial information to be useful to readers. The two fundamental characteristics to remember come exam day are relevance and faithful representation. Show
Relevance: Key Components Financial information is relevant and influences financial statement readers decision making process. Financial information is considered relevant if it has predictive value, confirmatory value, and materiality. 1) Predictive value – Financial information that has predictive value can be applied to predict future information. 2) Confirmatory value – Financial information that has confirmatory value can be applied to provide information that confirms or changes previous determinations. 3) Materiality – Financial information is considered material such that if absent or omitted, it would cause a potential influence on existing or potential decisions. Faithful Representation: Key Components Financial information is faithfully represented if it is considered reliable to financial statement readers and alleviates doubt in their decision-making process. Financial information is considered faithfully represented if it has completeness, neutrality, and has a freedom from error. 1) Completeness – Financial statements are considered complete if it allows the user to have all information that is pertinent and necessary to coming to an appreciate decision. 2) Neutrality – Financial statements are considered neutral if they are reported without bias in the selection or the presentation of the financial information. 3) Freedom from error – Financial information is considered to be free from error when no omissions or errors have been applied when selecting reporting processes. The purpose of financial statements is to give financial statements information about the change in financial position, financial performance and financial position of the organization. These can provide data use in decision making such as investment, credit and economic decision making which are useful for various users. There are seven main groups of users which are public, investors, lenders, employees, customers, supplies, government and other agencies and the needs of information is different for each group, for instance, employee will interest on the profitability, retirement benefits and employment opportunities and so on. The qualitative characteristics can be categorized as fundamental (relevance and faithful representation) or enhancing (comparability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability) based on how they influence the usefulness of financial information. However, it can limited by two pervasive constraints which is cost and materiality in providing useful financial information. Fundamental Qualitative Characteristics of Financial Information
Application of the Fundamental Qualitative Characteristics of Financial InformationRelevance is the fundamental qualitative characteristic which connected to the economic phenomena and must be considered first before the other qualitative characteristics. Once the relevance is applied to distinguish which economic phenomena should be presented, faithful representation is going to determine which characteristics are best to correspond to the relevant phenomena. Therefore, relevance and faithful representation must work in a line to provide useful financial information to the users. Enhancing Qualitative Characteristics of Financial InformationEnhancing qualitative characteristics are additional benefit added to the fundamental to enhance the decision usefulness of financial information.
Application of the Enhancing Qualitative Characteristics of Financial InformationEnhancing qualitative characteristics provide additional benefit and usefulness in the financial reporting information. Therefore, the four important characteristics which are comparability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability should be extent widely. However, the enhancing qualitative characteristics will be useless if the financial information is irrelevant or not faithfully represented in fundamental step. The application of the enhancing qualitative characteristics is redundant process that does not follow priority and prescribed order. Sometimes, one or some of the enhancing qualitative characteristics will be given up to maximize the usefulness of another qualitative characteristic. If such situation happened, appropriate information or evidence should be disclosed. Constraints on Financial Reporting
Application of the Constraints on Financial ReportingMateriality is said to be one of the pervasive constraint on financial reporting because it attribute to all the qualitative characteristics. For example, materiality need to be measured when determine the sufficiency of relevant information and sufficiency of complete, neutral, and free from error to faithfully represent in financial reporting. Application of the cost constraint in financial reporting included evaluate whether the benefits of reporting information will be able to impose the costs. It is necessary to reflect on whether one or some qualitative characteristics one or some of the enhancing qualitative characteristics will be given up to reduce the cost. Related Posts:
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What are the quantitative characteristics of financial information?Quantitative Characteristics of Financial Statements
Quantitative financial data include numbers you can measure, such as revenue, expenses, profit margins and taxes. You can break down these numbers to further quantify areas of your financial performance.
What are the two characteristics of relevant information?Any relevant information is any information that has an influence on the choice. Please keep in mind that in order for information to be useful in making decisions, it must include costs and benefits that differ between options. It must be both relevant and reliable.
What are the two fundamental qualitative characteristics of financial information according to the conceptual framework?The Framework clarifies what makes financial information useful, that is, information must be relevant and must faithfully represent the substance of financial information. Relevance and faithful representation remain as the two fundamental qualitative characteristics.
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