The cyclic AMP signaling pathway: exploring targets for successful drug discovery (review)

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What is the cAMP signaling pathway?
What is cyclic AMP used for?
What does cAMP do in the body?
How does cyclic AMP act as a second messenger?

For years, much of the advances in medicine and pharmacology have focused on the study of intracellular signaling pathways, giving into a better understanding of the pathologies and formulation of new therapeutic and diagnostic options. This article seeks to provide a synthetic and practical explanation about the function of the main intracellular signaling pathways, exemplifying the importance of each of these through the pathophysiological explanation of various diseases in which there is a prominent role. Among the signaling pathways treated in this work are those activated by protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphatodylinositol- 3-kinase (PI3K), Ca2+/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), the tyrosine kinase (TK) family, the Ras superfamily, as well as the MAPK pathway. In addition, other components of importance for signaling pathways are addressed, such as the ubiquitin-proteosome system, integrins, as well as cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and other cell cycle regulators. Some of the diseases treated within the text are diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer�s and Parkinson�s disease, various cardiac arrhythmias, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, nephrotic syndrome, etc., which are diseases of great relevance in current medicine.

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What is the cAMP signaling pathway?

Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is a nucleotide that acts as a key second messenger in numerous signal transduction pathways. cAMP regulates various cellular functions, including cell growth and differentiation, gene transcription and protein expression.

What is cyclic AMP used for?

Cyclic AMP is involved in the regulation of glycogen, sugar, and lipid metabolism. Cyclic AMP may affect brain function in many ways. In some cases, increase in levels of cAMP may result in an increase in the production of a neurotransmitter, contributing to an agonist effect.

What does cAMP do in the body?

Signals like cAMP are generated inside cells in response to certain types of external events that are detected at the cell surface. cAMP acts as a cellular messenger that relays the external events to the correct location within the cell to initiate the required action.

How does cyclic AMP act as a second messenger?

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an intracellular second messenger to a wide variety of hormones and neurotransmitters. In T cells, elevated cAMP levels antagonize T cell activation by inhibiting T cell proliferation and by suppressing the production of IL-2 and IFN-γ.