The expectancy theory was proposed by Victor Vroom of Yale School of Management in 1964. Vroom stresses and focuses on outcomes, and not on needs unlike Maslow and Herzberg. Show
The theory states that the intensity of a tendency to perform in a particular manner is dependent on the intensity of an expectation that the performance will be followed by a definite outcome and on the appeal of the outcome to the individual. The Expectancy theory states that employee’s motivation is an outcome of:
Thus, the expectancy theory concentrates on the following three relationships:
Vroom was of view that employees consciously decide whether to perform or not at the job. This decision solely depended on the employee’s motivation level which in turn depends on three factors of expectancy, valence and instrumentality. Advantages of the Expectancy Theory
Limitations of the Expectancy Theory
Implications of the Expectancy Theory
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View All Articles Authorship/Referencing - About the Author(s)The article is Written By “Prachi Juneja” and Reviewed By Management Study Guide Content Team. MSG Content Team comprises experienced Faculty Member, Professionals and Subject Matter Experts. We are a ISO 2001:2015 Certified Education Provider. To Know more, click on About Us. The use of this material is free for learning and education purpose. Please reference authorship of content used, including link(s) to ManagementStudyGuide.com and the content page url. A theory of motivation stating that the level of effort individuals will exert in any task can be computed from three variables: expectancy, or the belief that action or effort will lead to a successful outcome; instrumentality, or the belief that success will bring rewards; and valence, or the desirability of the rewards on offer. The theory, which was proposed by Victor H. Vroom in 1964, inspired the path-goal leadership model. What are the 3 components of expectancy theory?The expectancy theory hinges on three elements:. Expectancy.. Instrumentality.. Valence.. What is the difference between valence and instrumentality?Instrumentality: The belief that if better performance is achieved, it will result in a certain outcome (P -> O). Valence: The significance or value expected of an outcome.
What is valence in business?A salesperson's desire to receive additional amounts of a given reward (e.g., a pay increase). Valences can influence salespeople's level of motivation.
What is outcome valence?Valence is the expected value someone places on the outcomes, and not the actual satisfaction they feel after achieving the goal. Valence is positive when the employee prefers achieving the outcome to not achieving it.
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