Which is a feedback mechanism the human body uses to maintain homeostasis quizlet?

Temperature: Another factor is the temperature. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions will have the rate increased as the temperature increases. Because the enzymes are proteins, they will become denatured and turn inactive at the higher temperatures.

Concentration: The concentration of the enzyme also affects the activity. If the concentration of the enzyme is increased while the concentration of the substrate is kept constant, the rate of the reaction will double as the enzyme concentration doubles. This is due to the fact that the molar concentration of the enzyme being used almost always will be lower than the molar concentration of the substrate.

How pH Affects Enzymes
A pH environment has a significant effect on an enzymes. It can affect the intramolecular forces and change the enzyme's shape -- potentially to the point where it is rendered ineffective. With these effects in mind, typical enzymes have a pH range in which they perform optimally. For example, alpha amylase, which found in the mouth, operates most effectively near a neutral pH. However, lipases operate better at more basic pH levels. Buffer systems built into most organisms prevent pH levels from reaching the point where essential enzymes are rendered ineffective. If an enzyme is rendered ineffective by pH level, adjusting the pH can cause the enzyme to become effective again.

A great temperature difference is needed to cause a physical change (to solid or gas) in water—which is normally liquid (see Chapter 15). Water boils at 212°F (100°C) and freezes at 32°F (0°C)

• Water directly and indirectly participates in all chemical reactions in the body. Hydrogen is the main component of the pH system of the body (described later). Oxidation is the process through which the body uses oxygen to form needed new substances.

Water is a good solvent. A solvent is a liquid that dissolves substances; a solute is the substance dissolved. Nonelectrolytes include proteins, glucose, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and organic acids. Electrolytes are solutes that generate an electrical charge when dissolved in water.

Water functions as a suspension agent. Many larger molecules, such as lipids and proteins, are easily suspended in water. (A suspension is not the same as a solution.) Suspensions must be kept in motion, or larger molecules will settle to the bottom.

Water exerts pressure against the walls of vessels that contain it—hydrostatic pressure. Regardless of the amount, water in a tall, thin container exerts more hydrostatic pressure than water in a shallow container.

Osmotic pressure develops when a semipermeable membrane separates two solutions containing different concentrations of solutes. Solutions exerting equal pressures on opposite sides of a membrane are said to be isotonic (of equal tension). Stronger (more concentrated) solutions, compared with those on the opposing side of a membrane, are said to be hypertonic (increased tension). Immersion in a hypertonic solution will result in shrinkage of blood cells because osmosis (discussed later) will draw fluid out of the cells. Weaker solutions, compared with an opposing solution, are called hypotonic (reduced tension). Immersion in a hypotonic solution will result in swelling of blood cells

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When the brain's temperature regulation center receives data from the sensors indicating that the body's temperature exceeds its normal range, it stimulates a cluster of brain cells referred to as the "heat-loss
center."

1-This stimulation has three major effects:
Blood vessels in the skin begin to dilate allowing more blood from the body core to flow to the surface of the skin allowing the heat to radiate into the environment.

2-As blood flow to the skin increases, sweat glands are activated to increase their output. As the sweat evaporates from the skin surface into the surrounding air, it takes heat with it.

3-The depth of respiration increases, and a person may breathe through an open mouth instead of through the nasal passageways. This further increases heat loss from the lungs.

Which is a feedback mechanism the human body uses to maintain homeostasis?

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