Physical fitness is often measured to see if an adequate standard is in place to ensure good health. The general definition of physical fitness is offered by Howley & Franks (2007) as “a state of well-being with a low risk of premature health problems
and energy to participate in a variety of physical activities.” The two types of physical fitness most often identified are health-related physical fitness and skill-related physical fitness. The difference between functional fitness (health related) and fitness related to athletic ability (skill related) is shown in Figure 14.1. Health-related fitness is characterized by moderate to vigorous physical activity. Health-related fitness is a better match for people who are generally unwilling to exercise at high intensities. Health-related fitness activities can be integrated into everyday activities that are often characterized as lifetime activities. In contrast, skill-related physical fitness includes health-related components, but it also covers components related to physical performance. Skill-related fitness is the right choice for people who can and want to perform at a high level, but it is less acceptable to most people because it requires training and exercising at high intensities. (The above is an excerpt taken from Dynamic Physical Education for Elementary School Children-19th Edition.) Fitness Games and Challenges Combining locomotor skill practice with strength and flexibility exercises addresses components of both health-related and skill-related fitness. Try alternating simple games with fitness challenge activities in your classes. Fitness challenges are modifications of exercises older students perform. For an example, read this written description of the challenges and watch this four-minute video of the challenges being performed by a class. Manipulative Skills To further develop skill-related physical fitness, work on manipulative skills, activities that help children handle an object with their hands, feet, or other body parts. These are complex motor patterns for which general developmental stages have been identified, from initial stages through mature performance patterns. Most complex skills should be practiced at normal speed. Although locomotor skills can be slowed down to promote learning, doing so with complex skills such as throwing, striking, or kicking destroys the rhythm of the skills. Consider the following lesson plans for basketball manipulative skills: View Grades K - 2 Lesson Plans View Grades 3 - 4 Lesson Plans View Grades 5 - 6 Lesson Plans If you use music in your lessons, during skill practice is a good time to turn it off. Remember the 3 R's of skill learning: Repetition, Refinement, and Reflection. Music can detract from reflection and focused practice. Use drills to apply the skills your students have learned. Drills should be done with little or no competition, so the focus is on technique. Within the lesson, include a lead-up game where students can use the skills they have learned. Above all, assure that all students get to play all positions, accumulate the same number of repetitions, and are placed in an enjoyable environment. Put skills, drills, and lead-up activities together for successful learning of all manipulative activities.
Older Post Newer Post Introduction[edit | edit source] Example of Physical Activity Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure. The energy expenditure can be measured in kilocalories. Physical activity in daily life can be categorized into occupational, sports, conditioning, household, or other activities.[1] Exercise is a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, and repetitive and has as a final or an intermediate objective the improvement or maintenance of physical fitness.[1] A boy performing Illinois agility testing Physical fitness is a set of attributes that are either health- or skill-related. Being physically fit has been defined as "the ability to carry out daily tasks with vigor and alertness, without undue fatigue and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and to meet unforeseen emergencies"[1] The degree to which people have these attributes can be measured with specific tests. Physical fitness measures are closely allied with disease prevention and health promotion, thus it is common and appropriate to measure components of physical fitness before preventive and rehabilitative programs. [2]Physical fitness can be modified through regular physical activity and exercise. Physical fitness components have been shown to have a significant positive relationship with enhanced outcomes in physical activity, including sports participation.[3] Components of Physical Fitness[edit | edit source]There are total 11 components of physical fitness which can be broadly divided into health- related and skill-related. [edit | edit source]Good health have a strong relationship with health related components of physical fitness because it determines the ability of an individual to perform daily activities with vigor and demonstrate the capacities associated with low risk of premature development of the hypokinetic diseases.[2] The main aims of health-related fitness testing are :
There are five components of health-related physical fitness: body composition, muscular endurance, muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility. Body Composition[edit | edit source]Body composition can be expressed as the relative percentage of body mass that is fat and fat-free tissue using a two-compartment model. It can be measured with both laboratory and field techniques that vary in terms of complexity, cost, and accuracy. Anthropometric methods are: Body mass index, Circumferences and Skinfold measurements. Hydrodensitometry weighing, plethysmography are some methods used in lab.[2] Muscular Fitness[edit | edit source]It include muscular endurance and strength. They determine bone mass, glucose tolerance, musculotendinous integrity, and ability to carry out ADLs. Muscle function tests are very specific to the muscle group tested , the type of contraction, the velocity of muscle movement, the type of equipment, and the joint range of motion.[2] Muscular Strength: It is the muscle's ability to exert force. It can be assessed either statically or dynamically . Static or isometric strength can be assessed by using various devices such as dynamometer and tensiometers. 1 repetition maximum (1- RM), the greatest resistance that can be moved through the full range of motion in a controlled manner with good posture, is the standard for dynamic strength assessment.[2] Muscular Endurance: It is the ability of muscle group to execute repeated contractions over a period of time sufficient to cause muscle fatigue, or to maintain a specific percentage of the maximal voluntary contraction for a prolonged period of time. Absolute muscular endurance is the total number of repetitions at a given amount of resistance is measured. Relative muscular endurance is the number of repetitions performed at a percentage of the 1 -RM (eg: 75%) which is in both pre- and post-testing.[2] Cardiorespiratory Endurance[edit | edit source]Cardiorespiratory fitness is related to the ability to perform large muscle, dynamic, moderate to high intensity exercise for prolonged periods. The performance depends upon the functional state of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle systems. the criterion measure of cardiorespiratory fitness is determined by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).[2] Flexibility[edit | edit source]Flexibility is the ability to move a joint through its complete range of motion. It is important in the ability to carry out ADLs and in athletic performance. It depends on a number of specific variables including distensibility of the joint capsule, adequate warm-up, and muscle viscosity. Flexibility is joint specific, thus, no single flexibility test can be used to evaluate total body flexibility. Goniometers, inclinometers, electrogoniometers, the Leighton flexometer and tape measures are some common devices to measure flexibility in degrees. Sit and reach test is one of the flexibility test.[2] [edit | edit source]It is also known as performance-related fitness components. These components are pertaining with the athletic ability of an individual. There are 6 components of physical fitness: balance, co-ordination, agility, speed , power, and reaction time. Balance[edit | edit source]Balance is the ability of an individual to maintain their line of gravity within their base of support. It can be classified into static and dynamic. Balance is control by three different system: somatosensory, visual and vestibular system. [4]It can be assessed by various outcome tools such as berg balance scale, BESTest, etc.[5] Coordination[edit | edit source]It is the ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in performing motor tasks smoothly and accurately.[1]Alternate hand wall toss test is one the test via which co-ordination can be assessed. [6] Power[edit | edit source]It is the rate at which one is able to exert maximal force.[7]Vertical jump test and hop test are some examples of power testing for lower extremity. Medicine ball throw test can be used to assess upper extremity power. [8] [9] Agility[edit | edit source]Agility is defined as “a rapid whole-body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus”.[7] Reaction time[edit | edit source]Reaction time is related to the time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it.[7] Reaction time is affected by several variables including attentive, cognitive and motor functions. Three basic reaction time paradigms have been described:
It can be assessed via Ruler drop test. Please watch the video below to understand this test. [11] Speed[edit | edit source]It relates to the ability to perform a movement within a short period of time. . Speed combined with strength will provide power and force. Sprint test is one of the example of the test that can be used to examine person's speed. [12] [edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
Which of the following is a skill related component of physical fitness?Skill-related fitness is broken down into six different components; agility, speed, power, balance, coordination, reaction time. These skill-related components are movements that are necessary for an individual to successfully demonstrate a variety of motor skills and movement patterns.
What is health related fitness and skill related fitness?Health-related fitness activities can be integrated into everyday activities that are often characterized as lifetime activities. In contrast, skill-related physical fitness includes health-related components, but it also covers components related to physical performance.
Which of the following is not a health related component of physical fitness?This is Expert Verified Answer
The component which is not a part of health related fitness is bone density.
What are the components of health related skills?There are five sections of health-related fitness:. Cardiovascular endurance.. Muscular strength.. Muscular endurance.. Flexibility.. Body composition.. |
